Nā te iti o ngā matū kino pēnei i te pungarehu, te hauota, me te whanariki i roto i te koiora i whakaritea ki te pūngao kohuke, he nui ngā rahui, he pai te mahi waro, he ngāwari te mura, ā, he nui ngā wāhanga pūngao. Nō reira, he tino pai te koiora hei wahie pūngao, ā, he tino pai mō te hurihanga me te whakamahinga o te tahunga. He nui ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana e ngā tipu pēnei i te whākawa, te konupūmā, te pāhare pākawa, me te konupora i roto i te pungarehu toenga i muri i te tahunga o te koiora, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi hei tongi mō te hokinga ki te mara. I te mea he nui ngā rahui rauemi me ngā painga ahurei o te pūngao koiora, e kiia ana i tēnei wā he kōwhiringa nui mō te whanaketanga pūngao hou ā-motu e ngā whenua o te ao. Kua mārama te kī a te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahou ā-Motu o Haina i roto i te "Mahere Whakatinanatanga mō te Whakamahinga Whānui o te Kakaho Hua i te Mahere Tau Rima 12" ka eke te reiti whakamahinga whānui o te kakaho ki te 75% i te tau 2013, ā, ka whai kia neke atu i te 80% i te tau 2015.
Kua noho hei raruraru nui te huri i te pūngao koiora hei pūngao kounga teitei, ma, me te watea. Ko te hangarau whakakī koiora tētahi o ngā huarahi whai hua hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tahunga pūngao koiora me te whakahaere i te kawe. I tēnei wā, e whā ngā momo taputapu hanga matotoru e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mākete o te whare me te ao: te mīhini matūriki whakaputa porowhita, te mīhini matūriki tā piston, te mīhini matūriki pokepokea papatahi, me te mīhini matūriki pokepokea mowhiti. I roto i ēnei, he whānui te whakamahinga o te mīhini pire pokepokea mowhiti nā ōna āhuatanga pēnei i te kore e hiahiatia he whakamahana i te wā e mahi ana, he whānui ngā whakaritenga mō te ihirangi makuku o ngā rauemi mata (10% ki te 30%), he nui te putanga mīhini kotahi, he nui te kiato kōpeketanga, me te pai o te pānga hanga. Heoi, he maha ngā ngoikoretanga o ēnei momo mīhini pire penei i te ngāwari o te mau i te pokepokea, te poto o te ora mahi, te nui o ngā utu tiaki, me te kore e pai te whakakapinga. Hei whakautu i ngā ngoikoretanga o runga ake nei o te mīhini pire pokepokea mowhiti, kua hangaia e te kaituhi he hoahoa whakapainga hou mō te hanganga o te pokepokea hanga, ā, kua hangaia he pokepokea hanga momo huinga me te roa o te ora mahi, te iti o te utu tiaki, me te watea o te tiaki. I taua wā, i whakahaerehia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga miihini o te pokepokea hanga i roto i tana tukanga mahi.
1. Te Whakapai ake i te Hoahoa o te Hanganga Momo Hanga mō te Momo Whakaranu Momo
1.1 Whakataki ki te Tukanga Hanga Whakaputa:Ka taea te wehewehe i te mīhini pire mate mowhiti kia rua ngā momo: poutū me te whakapae, i runga i te tūranga o te mate mowhiti; E ai ki te āhua o te nekehanga, ka taea te wehewehe kia rua ngā momo nekehanga: te roera pēhi kaha me te pokepoke mowhiti pumau me te roera pēhi kaha me te pokepoke mowhiti taraiwa. Ko tēnei hoahoa whakapai ake e aro nui ana ki te mīhini matūriki pokepoke mowhiti me te roera pēhi kaha me te pokepoke mowhiti pumau hei āhua nekehanga. E rua ngā wāhanga matua: he tikanga kawe me te tikanga matūriki pokepoke mowhiti. Ko te pokepoke mowhiti me te roera pēhi ngā wāhanga matua e rua o te mīhini pire pokepoke mowhiti, he maha ngā kōhao pokepoke hanga e horahia ana i te pokepoke mowhiti, ā, kua tāutahia te roera pēhi ki roto i te pokepoke mowhiti. Ka honoa te roera pēhi ki te pou tuku, ā, kua tāutahia te pokepoke mowhiti ki runga i te whāriki pumau. Ina huri te pou, ka akiaki i te roera pēhi kia huri. Te mātāpono mahi: Tuatahi, ka kawe te tikanga kawe i te rauemi koiora kuru ki roto i tētahi rahi matūriki (3-5mm) ki roto i te rūma pēhi. Kātahi ka peia e te motuka te pou matua hei akiaki i te roera pēhanga kia huri, ā, ka neke te roera pēhanga i te tere pumau hei hora i te rauemi i waenga i te roera pēhanga me te pokepokea mowhiti, ka pēhi te pokepokea mowhiti me te waku ki te rauemi, te roera pēhanga ki te rauemi, me te rauemi ki te rauemi. I te wā o te pēhi waku, ka honoa te cellulose me te hemicellulose i roto i te rauemi. I taua wā anō, ka whakangawari te lignin e te wera i puta mai i te pēhi waku hei here taiao, ka piri pūmau te cellulose, te hemicellulose, me ētahi atu wāhanga. Mā te whakakī tonu o ngā rauemi koiora, ka piki haere tonu te nui o te rauemi e pēhia ana me te waku i roto i ngā kōhao pokepokea hanga. I taua wā anō, ka piki haere tonu te kaha pēhi i waenga i te koiora, ā, ka whakakī tonu, ka hanga i roto i te kōhao pokepokea. Ina nui ake te pēhanga whakaputa i te kaha waku, ka puta tonu te koiora mai i ngā kōhao pokepokea huri noa i te pokepokea mowhiti, ka hanga he wahie pokepokea koiora me te kiato pokepokea tata ki te 1g/Cm3.
1.2 Te Whakamaunga o ngā Momo Hanga:He nui te putanga o te mīhini kotahi o te mīhini pire, he tino teitei te mana aunoa me te kaha ki te urutau ki ngā rauemi mata. Ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia mō te tukatuka i ngā rauemi mata koiora, he pai mō te whakaputa nui o ngā wahie hanga koiora kikī, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whanaketanga o te ahumahi wahie hanga koiora kikī a muri ake nei. Nō reira, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te mīhini pire pokepoke mowhiti. Nā te mea he iti noa te onepu me ētahi atu poke kore koiora i roto i te rauemi koiora tukatuka, he tino tūponotanga ka nui te pakaru me te haehae o te pokepoke mowhiti o te mīhini pire. Ka tatauhia te roa o te mahi o te pokepoke mowhiti i runga i te kaha whakaputa. I tēnei wā, ko te roa o te mahi o te pokepoke mowhiti i Haina he 100-1000t anake.
Ko te ngoikore o te pokepokea mowhiti ka puta i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whā e whai ake nei: ① I muri i te mahi a te pokepokea mowhiti mō tētahi wā, ka pakaru te pakitara o roto o te kōhao pokepokea hanga, ka piki ake te āputa, ka hua ake he rerekētanga nui o te wahie hanga i hangaia; ② Ka pakaru te pari whāngai o te kōhao mate hanga o te pokepokea mowhiti, ka hua ake he hekenga o te nui o te rauemi koiora kua kōpeketia ki roto i te kōhao mate, ka heke te pēhanga extrusion, ka ngāwari te aukati i te kōhao mate hanga, ka hua ake te pakaru o te pokepokea mowhiti (Pikitia 2); ③ I muri i te whakamahi i ngā rauemi pakitara o roto, ka tino whakaitihia te nui o te tukunga (Pikitia 3);
④ I muri i te pakaru o te kōhao o roto o te pokepokea mowhiti, ka angiangi haere te matotoru o te pakitara i waenga i ngā wahi pokepokea L e tata ana, ka heke te kaha o te hanganga o te pokepokea mowhiti. Ka pakaru pea ngā wahi i te wāhanga tino morearea, ā, i te haere tonu o ngā pakaru, ka puta te āhuatanga pakaru o te pokepokea mowhiti. Ko te take matua mō te ngāwari o te pakaru me te poto o te ora mahi o te pokepokea mowhiti ko te hanganga koretake o te pokepokea mowhiti hanga (kua whakauruhia te pokepokea mowhiti ki ngā kōhao pokepokea hanga). Ko te hanganga whakauru o ngā mea e rua ka pāngia e ēnei hua: i ētahi wā ka pakaru noa iho ētahi kōhao pokepokea hanga o te pokepokea mowhiti, ā, kāore e taea te mahi, me whakakapi katoa te pokepokea mowhiti, ehara i te mea ka raruraru noa iho te mahi whakakapinga, engari ka nui hoki te maumau ohaoha, ka piki ake hoki ngā utu tiaki.
1.3 Te Hoahoa Whakapai Hanganga o te Hanga MomoHei whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te pokepokea mowhiti o te mīhini pellet, hei whakaiti i te kakahu, hei whakahaere i te whakakapinga, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā utu tiaki, me whakahaere he hoahoa whakapai ake hou mō te hanganga o te pokepokea mowhiti. I whakamahia te pokepokea whakapūmau i roto i te hoahoa, ā, ko te hanganga rūma kōpeketanga kua whakapaitia e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5 i te tirohanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te pokepokea whakapūmau kua whakapaitia.
Ko te nuinga o tēnei hoahoa kua whakapaitia e aro ana ki te mīhini pokepokea mowhiti me te āhua nekehanga o te roera pēhanga kaha me te pokepokea mowhiti pumau. Ka mau te pokepokea mowhiti o raro ki te tinana, ā, ka honoa ngā roera pēhanga e rua ki te pou matua mā te pereti hono. Ka whakauruhia te pokepokea hanga ki te pokepokea mowhiti o raro (mā te whakamahi i te taunga pokanoa), ā, ka mau te pokepokea mowhiti o runga ki te pokepokea mowhiti o raro mā roto i ngā pūtu ka piri ki te pokepokea hanga. I taua wā anō, hei ārai i te hurihanga o te pokepokea hanga nā te kaha i muri i te hurihuri o te roera pēhanga me te neke haere i te pokepokea mowhiti, ka whakamahia ngā tīwiri totohu hei mau i te pokepokea hanga ki ngā pokepokea mowhiti o runga me raro. Hei whakaiti i te ātete o te rauemi e tomo ana ki te kōhao, kia māmā ake ai te tomo ki te kōhao pokepokea. Ko te koki kōniko o te kōhao whāngai o te pokepokea hanga kua hangaia he 60° ki te 120°.
Ko te hoahoa hanganga kua whakapaitia o te pokepokea ai he āhuatanga o te maha-huringa me te roa o te ora mahi. Ina mahi te mīhini matūriki mō tētahi wā, ka nui ake te whakatuwheratanga o te pokepokea ai, ka kore e whakamahia. Ina tangohia, ina whakawhanuitia hoki te pokepokea ai kua tawhito, ka taea te whakamahi mō te hanga i ētahi atu whakaritenga o ngā matūriki hanga. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā pokepokea ai, ā, ka penapena i ngā utu tiaki me te whakakapinga.
Hei whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te pūwero me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, ka whakamahia e te rōra pēhanga he maitai waro nui, he nui te konupora, he pai te ātete ki te kakahu, pērā i te 65Mn. Me hanga te pokepokea ai ki te maitai waro-waro, ki te koranu nikara-chromium waro-iti rānei, pērā i te mea kei roto ko te Cr, Mn, Ti, me ētahi atu. Nā te whakapainga o te rūma pēhanga, he iti noa te kaha waku e pā ana ki ngā pokepokea ai mowhiti o runga me raro i te wā e whakamahia ana, ki te whakaritea ki te pokepokea ai. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai waro noa, pērā i te maitai 45, hei rauemi mō te rūma pēhanga. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pokepokea ai mowhiti whakauru tuku iho, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te maitai koranu utu nui, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa.
2. Te tātaritanga miihini o te pokepokea hanga o te mīhini pellet pokepokea mowhiti i te wā e mahi ana te pokepokea hanga.
I te wā e hangaia ana te pokepokea ai, ka tino whakangawaritia te lignin i roto i te rauemi nā te taiao pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei i hangaia i roto i te pokepokea ai. Ina kore e piki ake te pēhanga o te whakaputanga, ka pāngia te rauemi e te kirihou. Ka rere pai te rauemi i muri i te kirihoutanga, nō reira ka taea te whakarite i te roa ki te d. E kiia ana te pokepokea ai he oko pēhanga, ā, ka māmā ake te ahotea i runga i te pokepokea ai.
Mā te tātaritanga tātaitanga ā-pūkaha i runga ake nei, ka taea te whakatau ko te whiwhi i te pēhanga i tētahi wāhi i roto i te pokepoke hanga, me whakatau te taumahatanga porowhita i taua wāhi i roto i te pokepoke hanga. Kātahi ka taea te tatau i te kaha waku me te pēhanga i taua wāhi.
3. Whakamutunga
E whakaarohia ana e tēnei tuhinga tētahi hoahoa whakapainga hanganga hou mō te pokepokea hanga o te mīhini hanga mowhiti. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pokepokea hanga kua whakauruhia ka taea te whakaiti i te kakahu o te pokepokea, te whakaroa i te roa o te huringa pokepokea, te whakahaere i te whakakapinga me te tiaki, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. I taua wā anō, i whakahaerehia he tātaritanga miihini ki te pokepokea hanga i roto i tana tukanga mahi, hei whakarato i tētahi pūtake ariā mō ētahi atu rangahau ā muri ake nei.
Te wā tuku: 22-Pepuere-2024